Computer Frauds

To start with, computer frauds cover a variety of activities that is harmful to people’s computers. The frauds could take form in number of ways, including program fraud, hacking, e-mail hoaxes and etc. Any person can easily become a victim of computer frauds.

As far as I found the major types of internet fraud are: auction and retail schemes online; Business Opportunity/"Work-at-Home" Schemes Online; Identity Theft and Fraud; Investment Schemes Online; Credit-Card Schemes and so on. The Justice Department are beginning to bring criminal prosecutions against individuals and groups engaging in various types of Internet fraud. However firstly we personaly have to learn how to protect from the computer frauds. In one site I found the general advices how to avoid damage of the internet fraud:

-Don't Judge by Initial Appearances
-Be Careful About Giving Out Valuable Personal Data Online
-Be Especially Careful About Online Communications With Someone Who Conceals His True Identity
-Watch Out for "Advance-Fee" Demands

All in all nobody is protected from the internet frauds but every time we switch on the computer we must think about the points what rather not to do being in the wide internet space.

civil and public law

Civil and Public law
To start with, civil law is very common to public law. As it is said in the article "Civil and public law", civil law concerns disputes among citizens within a country. Its main categories are: contracts, torts, trusts, probate and family law. Therefore the main points what describe public law are categories such as crimes, constructional law and international law. That means that public law concerns disputes between citizens ant the state, or between one state and another. Also we find other differences such as the standards of proof. As it is said in the article, criminal law have much higher standards of proof than a civil one. What is more criminal and civil procedures are different. All in all there are many differences between civil and public law, but both of them protect us from injustice.